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K. Chennaiah ¹, R. Sivasankar ², M. Subahan ², Y. J. Sugunakar ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Zoology, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupathi A.P, IN
2 Department of Zoology, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupathi A.P., IN

Abstract

The present study is aimed at investigating the effect of selective synthetic feed like agrimin and fishmin on protein metabolic profiles of the cultivable fish species like Catla catla, Labeo rohita and Cirrhinus mrigala. The fishes selected for the study were divided into two groups viz., control group and experimental group:age, two years. The control group of fishes were fed with control feed i.e. groundnut cake and rice bran. The experimental group of fishes were further divided into two groups, agrimin and fishmin which were commercially available, have been selected for the study. The first group of experimental fish were fed with control feed mixed with agrimin. The second group of experimental fish were fed with control feed mixed with fishmin. The two groups of experimental fish were fed twice a day at 10 a.m. and at 5 p.m. The exposure period selected for the study was 30 days. After 30 days, the fishes were killed and isolated the tissues like muscle and liver at 40C and estimated the total proteins, free amino acids and proteases. Protease activity was found to be more in the liver tissue. In agrimin and fishmin fed fish species, the muscle and liver showed more per cent elevations of their total protein content. Agrimin or fishmin treatment enhanced the fish muscle and liver protease content and all the changes were found to be statistically significant over their corresponding control values.

Keywords

Agrimin, Fishmin, Total Carbohydrates, Glucose, Glycogen, Fish Species

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R. Sivasankar ¹, k. Chennaiah ¹, K. Sathyavelu Reddy ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Zoology, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupathi A.P., IN

Abstract

Pathogen free, wistar strain male albino rats were used in the present study.Age matched rats were divided into 4 groups of six in each group and treated as Normal control (NC) (Control rats received 0.9% saline), Nicotine treated (Nt) (at a dose of 0.6 mg/ kg body weight by subcutaneous injection for a period of 2 months), Nicotine treated + Red Grape extract treated (Nt+RGEt) (Nicotine at a dose of 0.6 mg/ kg body weight by subcutaneous injection and red grape extract 25 mg/kg body weight via orogastric tube for a period of 2 months), Nicotine treated + Red grape extract treated (Nicotine at a dose of 0.6 mg/ kg body weight by subcutaneous injection for a period of 2 months, red grape extract at a doses of 50 mg/ kg body weight via orogastric tube for a period of 2 months). The animals were sacrificed after 24 hrs after the last treatment by cervical dislocation and isolated the skeletal muscle fibres such as gastronemius (GN) and soleus (SOL), measured the activities of alkaline phosphotase (ALP), aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). In nicotine treated rats, the activities of ALP, AST, ALT and LDH were significantly increased in the both muscle fibers when compared to control rats. In the combination treatment (Nicotine + Red grape extract), the upregulation was observed, red grape extract at a dose of 50 mg/kg body weight found to be more effective. The levels of glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase(GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) decreased in nicotine treated rats in both muscle fibres and increase was observed in the combination (Nt+RGEt), but at 50 mg/kg body weight found to be more effective. This results stating that red grape extract are beneficial, especially for the nicotine subjects to improve the metabolic efficiency and thereby to improve the health status and life span.

Keywords

Nicotine, Red Grape Extract, Antioxidants,skeletal Muscle Fibres

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K. Khalindar Basha ¹, R. Sivasankar ¹, M. Subahan ¹, K. Chennaiah ¹, K. Sathyavelu Reddy ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Zoology, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati A.P., IN

Abstract

The grape (Vitis vinifera) commercial juice products from Concord grapes have been applied in medical research studies, showing potential benefits against the diseases. Nicotine is most biologically active chemical in tobacco smoke. Nicotine has been reported to induce changes both in vivo and in vitro. Pathogen free, Wistar strain male albino rats were used in the present study, rats were divided into 4 groups of six in each group (i) Normal control (NC) (Control rats received 0.9% saline) ; (ii) Nicotine treated (Nt) (at a dose of 0.6 mg/ kg body weight by subcutaneous injection for a period of 2 months ); (iii) Red Grape extract treated (RGEt) (red grape extract 50mg/kg body weight (after the standardization) via orogastric tube for a period of 2 months.); (IV) Nicotine + Red Grape (Nt+RGEt) (Rats were received the nicotine with a dose as mentioned for Group II through subcutaneous injection and red grape extract as mentioned for group III via orogastric tube for a period of 2 months). The animals were sacrificed after 24 hrs after the last treatment by cervical dislocation and isolated the kidney tissue such as the activites of the levels of Superoxidedismutase(SOD), Catalase (CAT), Glutathione (GSH) and Glutathioneperoxidase (GPx), were decreased in nicotine treated rats in the kidney tissue and increase was observed in the combination (Nt+RGEt),but at 50 mg/kg body weight found to be more effective. This results stating that red grape extract treated rats are beneficial, especially for the nicotine subjects to improve the antioxidants enzymes and thereby to improve the health status and life span.

Keywords

Nicotine, Red Grape Extract, Sod, Cat, Gsh, Gpx, Kidney, Male Albino Rat

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